· In humans, a dietary essential fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Stearic acid
(C) Oleic acid (D) Linoleic acid
· An example of a saturated fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Oleic acid
(C) Linoleic acid (D) Erucic acid
· If the fatty acid is esterified with an alcohol of high molecular weight instead of glycerol, the resulting compound is
(A) Lipositol (B) Plasmalogen
(C) Wax (D) Cephalin
· A fatty acid which is not synthesized in the body and has to be supplied in the diet is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Lauric acid
(C) Linolenic acid (D) Palmitoleic acid
· Essential fatty acid:
(A) Linoleic acid (B) Linolenic acid
(C) Arachidonic acid (D) All these
· Phospholipid acting as surfactant is
(A) Cephalin (B) Phosphatidyl inositol
(C) Lecithin (D) Phosphatidyl serine
· Dietary fats after absorption appear in the circulation as
(A) HDL (B) VLDL
(C) LDL (D) Chylomicron
· The class of lipoproteins that is beneficial to atherosclerosis is …
a) Low density of lipoproteins
(B) very low density lipoproteins
(C) High density lipoproteins
(D) Chylomicrons
2. Natural lipids are readily soluble in
a) Oil
b) Mercury
c) Water
d) None of these
3. Which of the following is/are unsaturated fatty acids?
a) Linoleic acid
b) Oleic acid
c) Palmitoleic acid
d) All of these
4. Fats can be stored in the cell without disturbing their
a) Hygroxyl bond
b)Aleurone layer
c) Osmotic relations
d) None of these
5. Liquid form of triglycerides at ordinary room temperature are called
a) Oils
b)Solid
c) Fats
d) None of these
6. The synthesis of glucose from fat is called
a) Glycolysis
b)Krebs cycle
c) Saponification
d) Gluconeogenesis
7. Hydrolysis of fats by alkalies into fatty acids and glycerol is called
a) Coagulation
b) Saponification
c) Suspension
d) Colloidal
8. The fats and oils are respectively rich in
a) Unsaturated fatty acids
b) Saturated fatty acids
c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
d) None of these
9. β-oxidation takes place in
a) Mitochondria
b) cytoplasm
c) Chloroplasts
d) nucleus
10. Which is a phospholipid
a) Lecithin
b) Cholesterol
c) Sterol
d) Steroid
11. The number of double bonds in Arachidonic acid
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
12. Essential fatty acids are
a) Linoleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Linolenic acid
d) All of these
13. The following is not a phospholipid
a) Sphingomyelin
b) Lecithin
c) Cephalin
d) Cerebroside
14. Examples of monounsaturated fatty acids are:
a) Oleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Palmitic acid
d) Linolenic acid
15. High content of Triglycerides are seen in
a) LDL
b) HDL
c) VLDL
d) Chylomicrons
Answers:
1- a 2-d 3-d 4-c 5-a
6-d 7-b 8-c 9-a 10-a
11-d 12-d 13-d 14-a 15-d
1. An example of a hydroxy fatty acid is
(A) Ricinoleic acid (B) Crotonic acid
(C) Butyric acid (D) Oleic acid
2. An example of a saturated fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Oleic acid
(C) Linoleic acid (D) Erucic acid
3. If the fatty acid is esterified with an alcohol of high molecular weight instead of glycerol, the resulting compound is
(A) Lipositol (B) Plasmalogen
(C) Wax (D) Cephalin
4. A fatty acid which is not synthesized in the body and has to be supplied in the diet is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Lauric acid
(C) Linolenic acid (D) Palmitoleic acid
5. Essential fatty acid:
(A) Linoleic acid (B) Linolenic acid
(C) Arachidonic acid (D) All these
6. The fatty acid present in cerebrosides is
(A) Lignoceric acid (B) Valeric acid
(C) Caprylic acid (D) Behenic acid
7. The number of double bonds in arachidonic acid is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
8. In humans, a dietary essential fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Stearic acid
(C) Oleic acid (D) Linoleic acid
9. A lipid containing alcoholic amine residue is
(A) Phosphatidic acid (B) Ganglioside
(C) Glucocerebroside (D) Sphingomyelin
10. Cephalin consists of
(A) Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and choline
(B) Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine
(C) Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and inositol
(D) Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and serine
11. In mammals, the major fat in adipose tissues is
(A) Phospholipid (B) Cholesterol
(C) Sphingolipids (D) Triacylglycerol
12. Glycosphingolipids are a combination of (A) Ceramide with one or more sugar residues (B) Glycerol with galactose
(C) Sphingosine with galactose
(D) Sphingosine with phosphoric acid
13. The importance of phospholipids as constituent of cell membrane is because they possess
(A) Fatty acids
(B) Both polar and nonpolar groups
(C) Glycerol
(D) Phosphoric acid
14. In neutral fats, the unsaponificable matter includes
(A) Hydrocarbons (B) Triacylglycerol
(C) Phospholipids (D) Cholsesterol
15. Higher alcohol present in waxes is
(A) Benzyl (B) Methyl
(C) Ethyl (D) Cetyl
16. Kerasin consists of
(A) Nervonic acid (B) Lignoceric acid
(C) Cervonic acid (D) Clupanodonic acid
17. Gangliosides are complex glycosphin- golipids found in
(A) Liver (B) Brain
(C) Kidney (D) Muscle
18. Unsaturated fatty acid found in the cod liver oil and containing 5 double bonds is
(A) Clupanodonic acid
(B) Cervonic acid
(C) Elaidic acid
(D) Timnodonic acid
19. Phospholipid acting as surfactant is
(A) Cephalin (B) Phosphatidyl inositol
(C) Lecithin (D) Phosphatidyl serine
20. An oil which contains cyclic fatty acids and once used in the treatment of leprosy is
(A) Elaidic oil (B) Rapeseed oil
(C) Lanoline (D) Chaulmoogric oil
21. Unpleasant odours and taste in a fat (rancidity) can be delayed or prevented by the addition of
(A) Lead (B) Copper
(C) Tocopherol (D) Ergosterol
Gangliosides derived from glucosyl- ceramide contain in addition one or more molecules of
(A) Sialic acid (B) Glycerol
(C) Diacylglycerol (D) Hyaluronic acid
23. ’Drying oil’, oxidized spontaneously by atmospheric oxygen at ordinary temperature and forms a hard water proof material is
(A) Coconut oil (B) Peanut oil
(C) Rape seed oil (D) Linseed oil
24. Deterioration of food (rancidity) is due to presence of
(A) Cholesterol
(B) Vitamin E
(C) Peroxidation of lipids
(D) Phenolic compounds
25. The number of ml of N/10 KOH required to neutralize the fatty acids in the distillate from 5 gm of fat is called
(A) Reichert-Meissel number
(B) Polenske number
(C) Acetyl number
(D) Non volatile fatty acid number
26. Molecular formula of cholesterol is
(A) C27H45OH (B) C29H47OH (C) C29H47OH (D) C23H41OH
27. The cholesterol molecule is
(A) Benzene derivative (B) Quinoline derivative (C) Steroid
(D) Straight chain acid
28. Salkowski test is performed to detect
(A) Glycerol (B) Cholesterol
(C) Fatty acids (D) Vitamin D
29. Palmitic, oleic or stearic acid ester of cholesterol used in manufacture of cosmetic creams is
(A) Elaidic oil (B) Lanoline
(C) Spermaceti (D) Chaulmoogric oil
30. Dietary fats after absorption appear in the circulation as
(A) HDL (B) VLDL
(C) LDL (D) Chylomicron
31. Free fatty acids are transported in the blood
(A) Combined with albumin
(B) Combined with fatty acid binding protein
(C) Combined with β -lipoprotein
(D) In unbound free salts
32. Long chain fatty acids are first activated to acetyl-CoA in
(A) Cytosol (B) Microsomes
(C) Nucleus (D) Mitochondria
33. The enzyme acyl-CoA synthase catalyses the conversion of a fatty acid of an active fatty acid in the presence of
(A) AMP (B) ADP (C) ATP (D) GTP
34. Carnitine is synthesized from
(A) Lysine and methionine
(B) Glycine and arginine
(C) Aspartate and glutamate
(D) Proline and hydroxyproline
35. The enzymes of β-oxidation are found in
(A) Mitochondria (B) Cytosol
(C) Golgi apparatus (D) Nucleus
36. Long chain fatty acids penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane
(A) Freely
(B) As acyl-CoA derivative
(C) As carnitine derivative
(D) Requiring Na dependent carrier
37. An impor tant feature of Zellweger ’s syndrome is
(A) Hypoglycemia
(B) Accumulation of phytanic acid in tissues
(C) Skin eruptions
(D) Accumulation of C26-C38 polyenoic acid in brain tissues
38. An important finding of Fabry’s disease is
(A) Skin rash (B) Exophthalmos
(C) Hemolytic anemia (D) Mental retardation
39. Gaucher’s disease is due to deficiency of the enzyme:
(A) Sphingomyelinase (B) Glucocerebrosidase (C) Galactocerbrosidase (D) β-Galactosidase
40. Characteristic finding in Gaucher ’s disease is
(A) Night blindness
(B) Renal failure
(C) Hepatosplenomegaly
(D) Deafness
41. An important finding in Neimann-Pick disease is
(A) Leukopenia
(B) Cardiac enlargement
(C) Corneal opacity
(D) Hepatosplenomegaly
42. Fucosidosis is characterized by
(A) Muscle spasticity (B) Liver enlargement
(C) Skin rash (D) Kidney failure
43. Metachromatic leukodystrophy is due to deficiency of enzyme:
(A) α-Fucosidase (B) Arylsulphatase A (C) Ceramidase (D) Hexosaminidase A
44. A significant feature of Tangier disease is
(A) Impairment of chylomicron formation
(B) Hypotriacylglycerolmia
(C) Absence of Apo-C-II (D) Absence of Apo-C-I
45. A significant feature of Broad Beta disease is
(A) Hypocholesterolemia
(B) Hypotriacylglycerolemia
(C) Absence of Apo-D
(D) Abnormality of Apo-E
46. Neonatal tyrosinemia improves on admi- nistration of
(A) Thiamin (B) Riboflavin
(C) Pyridoxine (D) Ascorbic acid
47. Absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase causes
(A) Neonatal tyrosinemia
(B) Phenylketonuria
(C) Primary hyperoxaluria
(D) Albinism
48. Richner-Hanhart syndrome is due to defect in
(A) Tyrosinase
(B) Phenylalanine hydroxylase
(C) Hepatic tyrosine transaminase
(D) Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
49. Plasma tyrosine level in Richner-Hanhart syndrome is
(A) 1–2 mg/dL (B) 2–3 mg/dL (C) 4–5 mg/dL (D) 8–10 mg/dL
50. Amount of phenylacetic acid excreted in the urine in phenylketonuria is
(A) 100–200 mg/dL (B) 200–280 mg/dL (C) 290–550 mg/dL (D) 600–750 mg/dL
51. Tyrosinosis is due to defect in the enzyme:
(A) Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
(B) p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase
(C) Tyrosine transaminase
(D) Tyrosine hydroxylase
52. An important finding in Histidinemia is
(A) Impairment of conversion of α-Glutamate to
α-ketoglutarate
(B) Speech defect
(C) Decreased urinary histidine level
(D) Patients can not be treated by diet
53. An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase
(C) Significantly increased serum glycine level
(D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine
54. Increased urinary indole acetic acid is diagnostic of
(A) Maple syrup urine disease
(B) Hartnup disease (C) Homocystinuia (D) Phenylketonuria
55. In glycinuria daily urinary excretion of glycine ranges from
(A) 100–200 mg (B) 300–500 mg
(C) 600–1000 mg (D) 1100–1400 mg
56. An inborn error, maple syrup urine disease is due to deficiency of the enzyme:
(A) Isovaleryl-CoAhydrogenase (B) Phenylalnine hydroxylase (C) Adenosyl transferase
(D) α-Ketoacid decarboxylase
57. Maple syrup urine disease becomes evident in extra uterine life by the end of
(A) First week (B) Second week
(C) Third week (D) Fourth week
58. Alkaptonuria occurs due to deficiency of the enzyme:
(A) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
(B) Homogentisate oxidase
(C) p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase
(D) Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
59. An important feature of maple syrup urine disease is
(A) Patient can not be treated by dietar y regulation
(B) Without treatment death, of patient may occur by the end of second year of life
(C) Blood levels of leucine, isoleucine and serine are increased
(D) Excessive brain damage
60. Ochronosis is an important finding of
(A) Tyrosinemia
(B) Tyrosinosis
(C) Alkaptonuria
(D) Richner Hanhart syndrome
61. Phrynoderma is a deficiency of
(A) Essential fatty acids (B) Proteins
(C) Amino acids (D) None of these
62. The percentage of linoleic acid in safflow- er oil is
(A) 73 (B) 57 (C) 40 (D) 15
63. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in soyabean oil is
(A) 62 (B) 10 (C) 3 (D) 2
64. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in butter is
(A) 60 (B) 37 (C) 25 (D) 3
65. Dietary fibre denotes
(A) Undigested proteins
(B) Plant cell components that cannot be digested by own enzymes
(C) All plant cell wall components
(D) All non digestible water insoluble polysaccha- ride
66. A high fibre diet is associated with re- duced incidence of
(A) Cardiovascular disease
(B) C.N.S. disease (C) Liver disease (D) Skin disease
67. Dietary fibres are rich in
(A) Cellulose (B) Glycogen
(C) Starch (D) Proteoglycans
68. Minimum dietary fibre is found in
(A) Dried apricot (B) Peas
(C) Bran (D) Cornflakes
69. A bland diet is recommended in
(A) Peptic ulcer (B) Atherosclerosis
(C) Diabetes (D) Liver disease
70. A dietary deficiency in both the quantity and the quality of protein results in
(A) Kwashiorkar (B) Marasmus
(C) Xerophtalmia (D) Liver diseases
71. The deficiency of both energy and protein causes
(A) Marasmus (B) Kwashiorkar
(C) Diabetes (D) Beri-beri
72. Kwashiorkar is characterized by
(A) Night blindness (B) Edema
(C) Easy fracturability (D) Xerophthalmia
73. A characteristic feature of Kwashiorkar is
(A) Fatty liver
(B) Emaciation
(C) Low insulin lever
(D) Occurrence in less than 1 year infant
74. A characteristic feature of marasmus is
(A) Severe hypoalbuminemia (B) Normal epinephrine level (C) Mild muscle wasting
(D) Low insulin and high cortisol level
75. Obesity generally reflects excess intake of energy and is often associated with the development of
(A) Nervousness
(B) Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(C) Hepatitis
(D) Colon cancer
76. Atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases are associated with the diet:
(A) High in total fat and saturated fat
(B) Low in protein
(C) High in protein
(D) High in carbohydrate
77. Cerebrovasular disease and hyperten- sion is associated with
(A) High calcium intake
(B) High salt intake
(C) Low calcium intake
(D) Low salt intake
78. The normal range of total serum bilirubin is
(A) 0.2–1.2 mg/100 ml (B) 1.5–1.8 mg/100 ml (C) 2.0–4.0 mg/100 ml
(D) Above 7.0 mg/100 ml
79. The normal range of direct reacting
(conjugated) serum bilirubin is
(A) 0–0.1 mg/100 ml (B) 0.1–0.4 mg/100 ml (C) 0.4–06 mg/100 ml (D) 0.5–1 mg/100 ml
80. The normal range of indirect (unconjugat- ed) bilirubin in serum is
(A) 0–0.1 mg/100 ml (B) 0.1–0.2 mg/100 ml (C) 0.2–0.7 mg/100 ml (D) 0.8–1.0 mg/100 ml
81. Jaundice is visible when serum bilirubin exceeds
(A) 0.5 mg/100 ml (B) 0.8 mg/100 ml
(C) 1 mg/100 ml (D) 2.4 mg/100 ml
82. An increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin occurs in
(A) Hemolytic jaundice (B) Obstructive jaundice (C) Nephritis
(D) Glomerulonephritis
83. One of the causes of hemolytic jaundice is
(A) G-6 phosphatase deficiency
(B) Increased conjugated bilirubin
(C) Glucokinase deficiency
(D) Phosphoglucomutase deficiency
84. Increased urobilinogen in urine and absence of bilirubin in the urine suggests
(A) Obstructive jaundice (B) Hemolytic jaundice (C) Viral hepatitis
(D) Toxic jaundice
85. A jaundice in which serum alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase are normal is
(A) Hepatic jaundice
(B) Hemolytic jaundice
(C) Parenchymatous jaundice
(D) Obstructive Jaundice
86. Fecal stercobilinogen is increased in
(A) Hemolytic jaundice (B) Hepatic jaundice (C) Viral hepatitis
(D) Obstructive jaundice
87. Fecal urobilinogen is increased in
(A) Hemolytic jaundice
(B) Obstruction of biliary duct (C) Extrahepatic gall stones (D) Enlarged lymphnodes
88. A mixture of conjugated and unconjugat- ed bilirubin is found in the circulation in
(A) Hemolytic jaundice
(B) Hepatic jaundice
(C) Obstructive jaundice
(D) Post hepatic jaundice
89. Hepatocellular jaundice as compared to pure obstructive type of jaundice is char- acterized by
(A) Increased serum alkaline phosphate, LDH and
ALT
(B) Decreased serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH
and ALT
(C) Increased serum alkaline phosphatase and decreased levels of LDH and ALT
(D) Decreased serum alkaline phosphatase and increased serum LDH and ALT
90. Icteric index of an normal adult varies between
(A) 1–2 (B) 2–4
(C) 4–6 (D) 10–15
91. Clinical jaundice is present with an icteric index above
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 15
92. Normal quantity of urobilinogen excreted in the feces per day is about
(A) 10–25 mg (B) 50–250 mg
(C) 300–500 mg (D) 700–800 mg
93. Fecal urobilinogen is decreased in
(A) Obstruction of biliary duct
(B) Hemolytic jaundice (C) Excess fat intake (D) Low fat intake
94. A complete absence of fecal urobilinogen is strongly suggestive of
(A) Obstruction of bile duct
(B) Hemolytic jaundice
(C) Intrahepatic cholestasis
(D) Malignant obstructive disease
95. Immediate direct Vanden Bergh reaction indicates
(A) Hemolytic jaundice
(B) Hepatic jaundice
(C) Obstructive jaundice
(D) Megalobastic anemia
96. The presence of bilirubin in the urine without urobilinogen suggests
(A) Obstructive jaundice (B) Hemolytic jaundice (C) Pernicious anemia
(D) Damage to the hepatic parenchyma
97. Impaired galactose tolerance test suggests
(A) Defect in glucose utilisation
(B) Liver cell injury (C) Renal defect (D) Muscle injury
98. Increased serum ornithine carabamoyl transferase activity is diagnostic of
(A) Myocardial infarction
(B) Hemolytic jaundice
(C) Bone disease
(D) Acute viral hepatitis
99. The best known and most frequently used test of the detoxicating functions of liver is
(A) Hippuric acid test
(B) Galactose tolerance test (C) Epinephrine tolerance test (D) Rose Bengal dye test
100. The ability of liver to remove a dye like
BSP from the blood suggests a normal
(A) Excretory function
(B) Detoxification function
(C) Metabolic function
(D) Circulatory function
101. Removal of BSP dye by the liver involves conjugation with
(A) Thiosulphate
(B) Glutamine
(C) Cystein component of glutathione
(D) UDP glucuronate
102. Normal value of plasma total proteins varies between
(A) 3–4 gm/100ml (B) 6–8 gm/100ml
(C) 10–12 gm/100ml (D) 14–16 gm/100ml
103. A decrease in albumin with increased production of other unidentified proteins which migrate in β, γ region suggests
(A) Cirrhosis of liver
(B) Nephrotic syndrome
(C) Infection
(D) Chronic lymphatic leukemia
104. In increase in α2-Globulin with loss of albumin in urine suggests
(A) Primary immune deficiency
(B) Nephrotic syndrome
(C) Cirrhosis of liver
(D) Multiple myeloma
105. The normal levels of prothrombin time is about
(A) 2 sec (B) 4 sec
(C) 14 sec (D) 10–16 sec
106. In obstructive jaundice prothrombin time
(A) Remains normal
(B) Decreases
(C) Responds to vit K and becomes normal
(D) Responds to vit K and increases
107. In parenhymatous liver disease the proth- rombin time
(A) Remains normal (B) Increases
(C) Decreases (D) Responds to Vit K
1. Fats are abundantly found in
a) Reproductive tissue
b) Vegetative tissue
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
2. Natural lipids are readily soluble in
a) Oil
b) Mercury
c) Water
d) None of these
3. Which of the following is/are unsaturated fatty acids?
a) Linoleic acid
b) Oleic acid
c) Palmitoleic acid
d) All of these
4. Fats can be stored in the cell without disturbing their
a) Hygroxyl bond
b)Aleurone layer
c) Osmotic relations
d) None of these
5. Liquid form of triglycerides at ordinary room temperature are called
a) Oils
b)Solid
c) Fats
d) None of these
6. The synthesis of glucose from fat is called
a) Glycolysis
b)Krebs cycle
c) Saponification
d) Gluconeogenesis
7. Hydrolysis of fats by alkalies into fatty acids and glycerol is called
a) Coagulation
b) Saponification
c) Suspension
d) Colloidal
8. The fats and oils are respectively rich in
a) Unsaturated fatty acids
b) Saturated fatty acids
c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
d) None of these
9. β-oxidation takes place in
a) Mitochondria
b) cytoplasm
c) Chloroplasts
d) nucleus
10. Which is a phospholipid
a) Lecithin
b) Cholesterol
c) Sterol
d) Steroid
11. The number of double bonds in Arachidonic acid
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
12. Essential fatty acids are
a) Linoleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Linolenic acid
d) All of these
13. The following is not a phospholipid
a) Sphingomyelin
b) Lecithin
c) Cephalin
d) Cerebroside
14. Examples of monounsaturated fatty acids are:
a) Oleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Palmitic acid
d) Linolenic acid
15. High content of Triglycerides are seen in
a) LDL
b) HDL
c) VLDL
d) Chylomicrons
Answers:
1- a
2-d
3-d
4-c
5-a
6-d
7-b
8-c
9-a
10-a
11-d
12-d
13-d
14-a
15-d
· The fatty acid essential for life in man is:
A. Butyric acid
B. Palmitic acid
C. Stearic acid
D. Oleic acid
E. Linolenic acid
· Phospholipids:
A. Always contain choline and glycerol.
B. An important source of energy during fasting.
C. Are a major component of membranes.
D. Are the main lipid conten of VLDL.
· The following are essential fatty acids in man EXCEPT :
A. Oleic
B. Lenoleic
C. Lenolenic
D. Arachidonic
· Which of the following is a polyunsaturated fatty acid:
A. Oliec
B. Lenoleic
C. nervonic
D. Palmitic
E. Palmitoleic
· All the following are essential fatty acids in man EXCEPT:
A. Oliec
B. Lenoleic
C. Lenolenic
D. Arachidonic
E. Clupadonic
· A fatty acid, which is NOT unsaturated:
A. Oleic acid
B. Lenoleic acid
C. Palmitoleic acid
D. Stearic acid
E. Arachidonic acid.
· Which of the following is lungs surfactant?
A. Dipamlmityl cephalin
B. Dipalmityl lecithin
C. Plasmalogen
D. Cardiolipin
E. Ceramide
· Which of the following is NOT a phospholipid?
A. Cerebroside
B. Plasmalogen
C. Sphingomyelin
D. Cephalin
E. Lecithin
· The following are plasma lipoproteins EXCEPT:
A. Chylomicrons
B. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
C. Low density lipoproteins (LDL)
D. Very high density lipoproteins (VHDL)
E. High density lipoproteins (HDL)
· An unsaturated fatty acid with 4 double bonds is:
A. Oleic
B. Palmitolic
C. Lenoleic
D. Lenolenic
E. Arachidonic
· The phospholipid cardiolipin is found almost exclusively in:
A. Mitochondrial membrane
B. Plasma membrane
C. Lysosomal membrane
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticular membrane
E. Rough endoplasmic reticular membrane
· An example of a saturated fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Oleic acid
(C) Linoleic acid (D) Erucic acid
· If the fatty acid is esterified with an alcohol of high molecular weight instead of glycerol, the resulting compound is
(A) Lipositol (B) Plasmalogen
(C) Wax (D) Cephalin
· A fatty acid which is not synthesized in the body and has to be supplied in the diet is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Lauric acid
(C) Linolenic acid (D) Palmitoleic acid
· Essential fatty acid:
(A) Linoleic acid (B) Linolenic acid
(C) Arachidonic acid (D) All these
· The number of double bonds in arachidonic acid is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
· In humans, a dietary essential fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Stearic acid
(C) Oleic acid (D) Linoleic acid
· Phospholipid acting as surfactant is
(A) Cephalin (B) Phosphatidyl inositol
(C) Lecithin (D) Phosphatidyl serine
· Dietary fats after absorption appear in the circulation as
(A) HDL (B) VLDL
(C) LDL (D) Chylomicron
· Free fatty acids are transported in the blood
(A) Combined with albumin
(B) Combined with fatty acid binding protein
(C) Combined with β -lipoprotein
(D) In unbound free salts
· Liquid form of triglycerides at ordinary room temperature are called
a) Oils
b)Solid
c) Fats
d) None of these
· The fats and oils are respectively rich in
a) Unsaturated fatty acids
b) Saturated fatty acids
c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
d) None of these
· Which is a phospholipid
a) Lecithin
b) Cholesterol
c) Sterol
d) Steroid
· The number of double bonds in Arachidonic acid
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
· Essential fatty acids are
a) Linoleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Linolenic acid
d) All of these
· The following is not a phospholipid
a) Sphingomyelin
b) Lecithin
c) Cephalin
d) Cerebroside
· Examples of monounsaturated fatty acids are:
a) Oleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Palmitic acid
d) Linolenic acid
· High content of Triglycerides are seen in
a) LDL
b) HDL
c) VLDL
d) Chylomicrons
· What type of organic molecule is a fat?
a. carbohydrate
b. lipid
c. starch
d. protein
· Fats and oils are composed of what two groups of molecules?
a. starch and sugar
b. glucose and fructose
c. fatty acids and glycerol
d. water and cellulose
· What best describes phospholipid molecules?
a. their chemical formula is (CH2O)n
b. they form cell membranes
c. they are proteins
d. they are ionic
IIn the following questions indicate with clear (T) the true statements, and with clear (F) the false statements:
Fatty acids:
38.In human, are not required at all in diet. 39.AII must be supplied by the diet.
40.Their last -CH3 is the w carbon.
Cholesterol:
46. is a simple lipid.
48. in liver it may be converted into bile acids 49. is the precursor of vitamin D2.
50.Enters in the structure of every body cell
Lecithin:
56. is a glycolipid
59.Dipalmityl lecithin acts as a surfactant in the lung
60.Acts as an activator factor in coagulation mechanism
Essential fatty acids:
61.Are those that can be formed by the body
62.Are polyunsaturated fatty acids
63.Are important for normal growth
65.Include arachidonic acid (20 carbons) which is a precursor of eicosanoids
For lipids:
66. Cholesterol is a plant sterol having double bonds.
68. Lenoleic acid is an essential fatty acid with 4 double bonds.
69. Dipalmitoyl lecithin acts as a lung surfactant which prevents
respiratory distress syndrome.
70. Phospholipids act as structural component of cell membranes. 71. Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid.
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Stearic acid
(C) Oleic acid (D) Linoleic acid
· An example of a saturated fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Oleic acid
(C) Linoleic acid (D) Erucic acid
· If the fatty acid is esterified with an alcohol of high molecular weight instead of glycerol, the resulting compound is
(A) Lipositol (B) Plasmalogen
(C) Wax (D) Cephalin
· A fatty acid which is not synthesized in the body and has to be supplied in the diet is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Lauric acid
(C) Linolenic acid (D) Palmitoleic acid
· Essential fatty acid:
(A) Linoleic acid (B) Linolenic acid
(C) Arachidonic acid (D) All these
· Phospholipid acting as surfactant is
(A) Cephalin (B) Phosphatidyl inositol
(C) Lecithin (D) Phosphatidyl serine
· Dietary fats after absorption appear in the circulation as
(A) HDL (B) VLDL
(C) LDL (D) Chylomicron
· The class of lipoproteins that is beneficial to atherosclerosis is …
a) Low density of lipoproteins
(B) very low density lipoproteins
(C) High density lipoproteins
(D) Chylomicrons
2. Natural lipids are readily soluble in
a) Oil
b) Mercury
c) Water
d) None of these
3. Which of the following is/are unsaturated fatty acids?
a) Linoleic acid
b) Oleic acid
c) Palmitoleic acid
d) All of these
4. Fats can be stored in the cell without disturbing their
a) Hygroxyl bond
b)Aleurone layer
c) Osmotic relations
d) None of these
5. Liquid form of triglycerides at ordinary room temperature are called
a) Oils
b)Solid
c) Fats
d) None of these
6. The synthesis of glucose from fat is called
a) Glycolysis
b)Krebs cycle
c) Saponification
d) Gluconeogenesis
7. Hydrolysis of fats by alkalies into fatty acids and glycerol is called
a) Coagulation
b) Saponification
c) Suspension
d) Colloidal
8. The fats and oils are respectively rich in
a) Unsaturated fatty acids
b) Saturated fatty acids
c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
d) None of these
9. β-oxidation takes place in
a) Mitochondria
b) cytoplasm
c) Chloroplasts
d) nucleus
10. Which is a phospholipid
a) Lecithin
b) Cholesterol
c) Sterol
d) Steroid
11. The number of double bonds in Arachidonic acid
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
12. Essential fatty acids are
a) Linoleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Linolenic acid
d) All of these
13. The following is not a phospholipid
a) Sphingomyelin
b) Lecithin
c) Cephalin
d) Cerebroside
14. Examples of monounsaturated fatty acids are:
a) Oleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Palmitic acid
d) Linolenic acid
15. High content of Triglycerides are seen in
a) LDL
b) HDL
c) VLDL
d) Chylomicrons
Answers:
1- a 2-d 3-d 4-c 5-a
6-d 7-b 8-c 9-a 10-a
11-d 12-d 13-d 14-a 15-d
1. An example of a hydroxy fatty acid is
(A) Ricinoleic acid (B) Crotonic acid
(C) Butyric acid (D) Oleic acid
2. An example of a saturated fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Oleic acid
(C) Linoleic acid (D) Erucic acid
3. If the fatty acid is esterified with an alcohol of high molecular weight instead of glycerol, the resulting compound is
(A) Lipositol (B) Plasmalogen
(C) Wax (D) Cephalin
4. A fatty acid which is not synthesized in the body and has to be supplied in the diet is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Lauric acid
(C) Linolenic acid (D) Palmitoleic acid
5. Essential fatty acid:
(A) Linoleic acid (B) Linolenic acid
(C) Arachidonic acid (D) All these
6. The fatty acid present in cerebrosides is
(A) Lignoceric acid (B) Valeric acid
(C) Caprylic acid (D) Behenic acid
7. The number of double bonds in arachidonic acid is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
8. In humans, a dietary essential fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Stearic acid
(C) Oleic acid (D) Linoleic acid
9. A lipid containing alcoholic amine residue is
(A) Phosphatidic acid (B) Ganglioside
(C) Glucocerebroside (D) Sphingomyelin
10. Cephalin consists of
(A) Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and choline
(B) Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine
(C) Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and inositol
(D) Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and serine
11. In mammals, the major fat in adipose tissues is
(A) Phospholipid (B) Cholesterol
(C) Sphingolipids (D) Triacylglycerol
12. Glycosphingolipids are a combination of (A) Ceramide with one or more sugar residues (B) Glycerol with galactose
(C) Sphingosine with galactose
(D) Sphingosine with phosphoric acid
13. The importance of phospholipids as constituent of cell membrane is because they possess
(A) Fatty acids
(B) Both polar and nonpolar groups
(C) Glycerol
(D) Phosphoric acid
14. In neutral fats, the unsaponificable matter includes
(A) Hydrocarbons (B) Triacylglycerol
(C) Phospholipids (D) Cholsesterol
15. Higher alcohol present in waxes is
(A) Benzyl (B) Methyl
(C) Ethyl (D) Cetyl
16. Kerasin consists of
(A) Nervonic acid (B) Lignoceric acid
(C) Cervonic acid (D) Clupanodonic acid
17. Gangliosides are complex glycosphin- golipids found in
(A) Liver (B) Brain
(C) Kidney (D) Muscle
18. Unsaturated fatty acid found in the cod liver oil and containing 5 double bonds is
(A) Clupanodonic acid
(B) Cervonic acid
(C) Elaidic acid
(D) Timnodonic acid
19. Phospholipid acting as surfactant is
(A) Cephalin (B) Phosphatidyl inositol
(C) Lecithin (D) Phosphatidyl serine
20. An oil which contains cyclic fatty acids and once used in the treatment of leprosy is
(A) Elaidic oil (B) Rapeseed oil
(C) Lanoline (D) Chaulmoogric oil
21. Unpleasant odours and taste in a fat (rancidity) can be delayed or prevented by the addition of
(A) Lead (B) Copper
(C) Tocopherol (D) Ergosterol
Gangliosides derived from glucosyl- ceramide contain in addition one or more molecules of
(A) Sialic acid (B) Glycerol
(C) Diacylglycerol (D) Hyaluronic acid
23. ’Drying oil’, oxidized spontaneously by atmospheric oxygen at ordinary temperature and forms a hard water proof material is
(A) Coconut oil (B) Peanut oil
(C) Rape seed oil (D) Linseed oil
24. Deterioration of food (rancidity) is due to presence of
(A) Cholesterol
(B) Vitamin E
(C) Peroxidation of lipids
(D) Phenolic compounds
25. The number of ml of N/10 KOH required to neutralize the fatty acids in the distillate from 5 gm of fat is called
(A) Reichert-Meissel number
(B) Polenske number
(C) Acetyl number
(D) Non volatile fatty acid number
26. Molecular formula of cholesterol is
(A) C27H45OH (B) C29H47OH (C) C29H47OH (D) C23H41OH
27. The cholesterol molecule is
(A) Benzene derivative (B) Quinoline derivative (C) Steroid
(D) Straight chain acid
28. Salkowski test is performed to detect
(A) Glycerol (B) Cholesterol
(C) Fatty acids (D) Vitamin D
29. Palmitic, oleic or stearic acid ester of cholesterol used in manufacture of cosmetic creams is
(A) Elaidic oil (B) Lanoline
(C) Spermaceti (D) Chaulmoogric oil
30. Dietary fats after absorption appear in the circulation as
(A) HDL (B) VLDL
(C) LDL (D) Chylomicron
31. Free fatty acids are transported in the blood
(A) Combined with albumin
(B) Combined with fatty acid binding protein
(C) Combined with β -lipoprotein
(D) In unbound free salts
32. Long chain fatty acids are first activated to acetyl-CoA in
(A) Cytosol (B) Microsomes
(C) Nucleus (D) Mitochondria
33. The enzyme acyl-CoA synthase catalyses the conversion of a fatty acid of an active fatty acid in the presence of
(A) AMP (B) ADP (C) ATP (D) GTP
34. Carnitine is synthesized from
(A) Lysine and methionine
(B) Glycine and arginine
(C) Aspartate and glutamate
(D) Proline and hydroxyproline
35. The enzymes of β-oxidation are found in
(A) Mitochondria (B) Cytosol
(C) Golgi apparatus (D) Nucleus
36. Long chain fatty acids penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane
(A) Freely
(B) As acyl-CoA derivative
(C) As carnitine derivative
(D) Requiring Na dependent carrier
37. An impor tant feature of Zellweger ’s syndrome is
(A) Hypoglycemia
(B) Accumulation of phytanic acid in tissues
(C) Skin eruptions
(D) Accumulation of C26-C38 polyenoic acid in brain tissues
38. An important finding of Fabry’s disease is
(A) Skin rash (B) Exophthalmos
(C) Hemolytic anemia (D) Mental retardation
39. Gaucher’s disease is due to deficiency of the enzyme:
(A) Sphingomyelinase (B) Glucocerebrosidase (C) Galactocerbrosidase (D) β-Galactosidase
40. Characteristic finding in Gaucher ’s disease is
(A) Night blindness
(B) Renal failure
(C) Hepatosplenomegaly
(D) Deafness
41. An important finding in Neimann-Pick disease is
(A) Leukopenia
(B) Cardiac enlargement
(C) Corneal opacity
(D) Hepatosplenomegaly
42. Fucosidosis is characterized by
(A) Muscle spasticity (B) Liver enlargement
(C) Skin rash (D) Kidney failure
43. Metachromatic leukodystrophy is due to deficiency of enzyme:
(A) α-Fucosidase (B) Arylsulphatase A (C) Ceramidase (D) Hexosaminidase A
44. A significant feature of Tangier disease is
(A) Impairment of chylomicron formation
(B) Hypotriacylglycerolmia
(C) Absence of Apo-C-II (D) Absence of Apo-C-I
45. A significant feature of Broad Beta disease is
(A) Hypocholesterolemia
(B) Hypotriacylglycerolemia
(C) Absence of Apo-D
(D) Abnormality of Apo-E
46. Neonatal tyrosinemia improves on admi- nistration of
(A) Thiamin (B) Riboflavin
(C) Pyridoxine (D) Ascorbic acid
47. Absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase causes
(A) Neonatal tyrosinemia
(B) Phenylketonuria
(C) Primary hyperoxaluria
(D) Albinism
48. Richner-Hanhart syndrome is due to defect in
(A) Tyrosinase
(B) Phenylalanine hydroxylase
(C) Hepatic tyrosine transaminase
(D) Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
49. Plasma tyrosine level in Richner-Hanhart syndrome is
(A) 1–2 mg/dL (B) 2–3 mg/dL (C) 4–5 mg/dL (D) 8–10 mg/dL
50. Amount of phenylacetic acid excreted in the urine in phenylketonuria is
(A) 100–200 mg/dL (B) 200–280 mg/dL (C) 290–550 mg/dL (D) 600–750 mg/dL
51. Tyrosinosis is due to defect in the enzyme:
(A) Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
(B) p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase
(C) Tyrosine transaminase
(D) Tyrosine hydroxylase
52. An important finding in Histidinemia is
(A) Impairment of conversion of α-Glutamate to
α-ketoglutarate
(B) Speech defect
(C) Decreased urinary histidine level
(D) Patients can not be treated by diet
53. An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase
(C) Significantly increased serum glycine level
(D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine
54. Increased urinary indole acetic acid is diagnostic of
(A) Maple syrup urine disease
(B) Hartnup disease (C) Homocystinuia (D) Phenylketonuria
55. In glycinuria daily urinary excretion of glycine ranges from
(A) 100–200 mg (B) 300–500 mg
(C) 600–1000 mg (D) 1100–1400 mg
56. An inborn error, maple syrup urine disease is due to deficiency of the enzyme:
(A) Isovaleryl-CoAhydrogenase (B) Phenylalnine hydroxylase (C) Adenosyl transferase
(D) α-Ketoacid decarboxylase
57. Maple syrup urine disease becomes evident in extra uterine life by the end of
(A) First week (B) Second week
(C) Third week (D) Fourth week
58. Alkaptonuria occurs due to deficiency of the enzyme:
(A) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
(B) Homogentisate oxidase
(C) p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase
(D) Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
59. An important feature of maple syrup urine disease is
(A) Patient can not be treated by dietar y regulation
(B) Without treatment death, of patient may occur by the end of second year of life
(C) Blood levels of leucine, isoleucine and serine are increased
(D) Excessive brain damage
60. Ochronosis is an important finding of
(A) Tyrosinemia
(B) Tyrosinosis
(C) Alkaptonuria
(D) Richner Hanhart syndrome
61. Phrynoderma is a deficiency of
(A) Essential fatty acids (B) Proteins
(C) Amino acids (D) None of these
62. The percentage of linoleic acid in safflow- er oil is
(A) 73 (B) 57 (C) 40 (D) 15
63. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in soyabean oil is
(A) 62 (B) 10 (C) 3 (D) 2
64. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in butter is
(A) 60 (B) 37 (C) 25 (D) 3
65. Dietary fibre denotes
(A) Undigested proteins
(B) Plant cell components that cannot be digested by own enzymes
(C) All plant cell wall components
(D) All non digestible water insoluble polysaccha- ride
66. A high fibre diet is associated with re- duced incidence of
(A) Cardiovascular disease
(B) C.N.S. disease (C) Liver disease (D) Skin disease
67. Dietary fibres are rich in
(A) Cellulose (B) Glycogen
(C) Starch (D) Proteoglycans
68. Minimum dietary fibre is found in
(A) Dried apricot (B) Peas
(C) Bran (D) Cornflakes
69. A bland diet is recommended in
(A) Peptic ulcer (B) Atherosclerosis
(C) Diabetes (D) Liver disease
70. A dietary deficiency in both the quantity and the quality of protein results in
(A) Kwashiorkar (B) Marasmus
(C) Xerophtalmia (D) Liver diseases
71. The deficiency of both energy and protein causes
(A) Marasmus (B) Kwashiorkar
(C) Diabetes (D) Beri-beri
72. Kwashiorkar is characterized by
(A) Night blindness (B) Edema
(C) Easy fracturability (D) Xerophthalmia
73. A characteristic feature of Kwashiorkar is
(A) Fatty liver
(B) Emaciation
(C) Low insulin lever
(D) Occurrence in less than 1 year infant
74. A characteristic feature of marasmus is
(A) Severe hypoalbuminemia (B) Normal epinephrine level (C) Mild muscle wasting
(D) Low insulin and high cortisol level
75. Obesity generally reflects excess intake of energy and is often associated with the development of
(A) Nervousness
(B) Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(C) Hepatitis
(D) Colon cancer
76. Atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases are associated with the diet:
(A) High in total fat and saturated fat
(B) Low in protein
(C) High in protein
(D) High in carbohydrate
77. Cerebrovasular disease and hyperten- sion is associated with
(A) High calcium intake
(B) High salt intake
(C) Low calcium intake
(D) Low salt intake
78. The normal range of total serum bilirubin is
(A) 0.2–1.2 mg/100 ml (B) 1.5–1.8 mg/100 ml (C) 2.0–4.0 mg/100 ml
(D) Above 7.0 mg/100 ml
79. The normal range of direct reacting
(conjugated) serum bilirubin is
(A) 0–0.1 mg/100 ml (B) 0.1–0.4 mg/100 ml (C) 0.4–06 mg/100 ml (D) 0.5–1 mg/100 ml
80. The normal range of indirect (unconjugat- ed) bilirubin in serum is
(A) 0–0.1 mg/100 ml (B) 0.1–0.2 mg/100 ml (C) 0.2–0.7 mg/100 ml (D) 0.8–1.0 mg/100 ml
81. Jaundice is visible when serum bilirubin exceeds
(A) 0.5 mg/100 ml (B) 0.8 mg/100 ml
(C) 1 mg/100 ml (D) 2.4 mg/100 ml
82. An increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin occurs in
(A) Hemolytic jaundice (B) Obstructive jaundice (C) Nephritis
(D) Glomerulonephritis
83. One of the causes of hemolytic jaundice is
(A) G-6 phosphatase deficiency
(B) Increased conjugated bilirubin
(C) Glucokinase deficiency
(D) Phosphoglucomutase deficiency
84. Increased urobilinogen in urine and absence of bilirubin in the urine suggests
(A) Obstructive jaundice (B) Hemolytic jaundice (C) Viral hepatitis
(D) Toxic jaundice
85. A jaundice in which serum alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase are normal is
(A) Hepatic jaundice
(B) Hemolytic jaundice
(C) Parenchymatous jaundice
(D) Obstructive Jaundice
86. Fecal stercobilinogen is increased in
(A) Hemolytic jaundice (B) Hepatic jaundice (C) Viral hepatitis
(D) Obstructive jaundice
87. Fecal urobilinogen is increased in
(A) Hemolytic jaundice
(B) Obstruction of biliary duct (C) Extrahepatic gall stones (D) Enlarged lymphnodes
88. A mixture of conjugated and unconjugat- ed bilirubin is found in the circulation in
(A) Hemolytic jaundice
(B) Hepatic jaundice
(C) Obstructive jaundice
(D) Post hepatic jaundice
89. Hepatocellular jaundice as compared to pure obstructive type of jaundice is char- acterized by
(A) Increased serum alkaline phosphate, LDH and
ALT
(B) Decreased serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH
and ALT
(C) Increased serum alkaline phosphatase and decreased levels of LDH and ALT
(D) Decreased serum alkaline phosphatase and increased serum LDH and ALT
90. Icteric index of an normal adult varies between
(A) 1–2 (B) 2–4
(C) 4–6 (D) 10–15
91. Clinical jaundice is present with an icteric index above
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 15
92. Normal quantity of urobilinogen excreted in the feces per day is about
(A) 10–25 mg (B) 50–250 mg
(C) 300–500 mg (D) 700–800 mg
93. Fecal urobilinogen is decreased in
(A) Obstruction of biliary duct
(B) Hemolytic jaundice (C) Excess fat intake (D) Low fat intake
94. A complete absence of fecal urobilinogen is strongly suggestive of
(A) Obstruction of bile duct
(B) Hemolytic jaundice
(C) Intrahepatic cholestasis
(D) Malignant obstructive disease
95. Immediate direct Vanden Bergh reaction indicates
(A) Hemolytic jaundice
(B) Hepatic jaundice
(C) Obstructive jaundice
(D) Megalobastic anemia
96. The presence of bilirubin in the urine without urobilinogen suggests
(A) Obstructive jaundice (B) Hemolytic jaundice (C) Pernicious anemia
(D) Damage to the hepatic parenchyma
97. Impaired galactose tolerance test suggests
(A) Defect in glucose utilisation
(B) Liver cell injury (C) Renal defect (D) Muscle injury
98. Increased serum ornithine carabamoyl transferase activity is diagnostic of
(A) Myocardial infarction
(B) Hemolytic jaundice
(C) Bone disease
(D) Acute viral hepatitis
99. The best known and most frequently used test of the detoxicating functions of liver is
(A) Hippuric acid test
(B) Galactose tolerance test (C) Epinephrine tolerance test (D) Rose Bengal dye test
100. The ability of liver to remove a dye like
BSP from the blood suggests a normal
(A) Excretory function
(B) Detoxification function
(C) Metabolic function
(D) Circulatory function
101. Removal of BSP dye by the liver involves conjugation with
(A) Thiosulphate
(B) Glutamine
(C) Cystein component of glutathione
(D) UDP glucuronate
102. Normal value of plasma total proteins varies between
(A) 3–4 gm/100ml (B) 6–8 gm/100ml
(C) 10–12 gm/100ml (D) 14–16 gm/100ml
103. A decrease in albumin with increased production of other unidentified proteins which migrate in β, γ region suggests
(A) Cirrhosis of liver
(B) Nephrotic syndrome
(C) Infection
(D) Chronic lymphatic leukemia
104. In increase in α2-Globulin with loss of albumin in urine suggests
(A) Primary immune deficiency
(B) Nephrotic syndrome
(C) Cirrhosis of liver
(D) Multiple myeloma
105. The normal levels of prothrombin time is about
(A) 2 sec (B) 4 sec
(C) 14 sec (D) 10–16 sec
106. In obstructive jaundice prothrombin time
(A) Remains normal
(B) Decreases
(C) Responds to vit K and becomes normal
(D) Responds to vit K and increases
107. In parenhymatous liver disease the proth- rombin time
(A) Remains normal (B) Increases
(C) Decreases (D) Responds to Vit K
1. Fats are abundantly found in
a) Reproductive tissue
b) Vegetative tissue
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
2. Natural lipids are readily soluble in
a) Oil
b) Mercury
c) Water
d) None of these
3. Which of the following is/are unsaturated fatty acids?
a) Linoleic acid
b) Oleic acid
c) Palmitoleic acid
d) All of these
4. Fats can be stored in the cell without disturbing their
a) Hygroxyl bond
b)Aleurone layer
c) Osmotic relations
d) None of these
5. Liquid form of triglycerides at ordinary room temperature are called
a) Oils
b)Solid
c) Fats
d) None of these
6. The synthesis of glucose from fat is called
a) Glycolysis
b)Krebs cycle
c) Saponification
d) Gluconeogenesis
7. Hydrolysis of fats by alkalies into fatty acids and glycerol is called
a) Coagulation
b) Saponification
c) Suspension
d) Colloidal
8. The fats and oils are respectively rich in
a) Unsaturated fatty acids
b) Saturated fatty acids
c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
d) None of these
9. β-oxidation takes place in
a) Mitochondria
b) cytoplasm
c) Chloroplasts
d) nucleus
10. Which is a phospholipid
a) Lecithin
b) Cholesterol
c) Sterol
d) Steroid
11. The number of double bonds in Arachidonic acid
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
12. Essential fatty acids are
a) Linoleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Linolenic acid
d) All of these
13. The following is not a phospholipid
a) Sphingomyelin
b) Lecithin
c) Cephalin
d) Cerebroside
14. Examples of monounsaturated fatty acids are:
a) Oleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Palmitic acid
d) Linolenic acid
15. High content of Triglycerides are seen in
a) LDL
b) HDL
c) VLDL
d) Chylomicrons
Answers:
1- a
2-d
3-d
4-c
5-a
6-d
7-b
8-c
9-a
10-a
11-d
12-d
13-d
14-a
15-d
· The fatty acid essential for life in man is:
A. Butyric acid
B. Palmitic acid
C. Stearic acid
D. Oleic acid
E. Linolenic acid
· Phospholipids:
A. Always contain choline and glycerol.
B. An important source of energy during fasting.
C. Are a major component of membranes.
D. Are the main lipid conten of VLDL.
· The following are essential fatty acids in man EXCEPT :
A. Oleic
B. Lenoleic
C. Lenolenic
D. Arachidonic
· Which of the following is a polyunsaturated fatty acid:
A. Oliec
B. Lenoleic
C. nervonic
D. Palmitic
E. Palmitoleic
· All the following are essential fatty acids in man EXCEPT:
A. Oliec
B. Lenoleic
C. Lenolenic
D. Arachidonic
E. Clupadonic
· A fatty acid, which is NOT unsaturated:
A. Oleic acid
B. Lenoleic acid
C. Palmitoleic acid
D. Stearic acid
E. Arachidonic acid.
· Which of the following is lungs surfactant?
A. Dipamlmityl cephalin
B. Dipalmityl lecithin
C. Plasmalogen
D. Cardiolipin
E. Ceramide
· Which of the following is NOT a phospholipid?
A. Cerebroside
B. Plasmalogen
C. Sphingomyelin
D. Cephalin
E. Lecithin
· The following are plasma lipoproteins EXCEPT:
A. Chylomicrons
B. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
C. Low density lipoproteins (LDL)
D. Very high density lipoproteins (VHDL)
E. High density lipoproteins (HDL)
· An unsaturated fatty acid with 4 double bonds is:
A. Oleic
B. Palmitolic
C. Lenoleic
D. Lenolenic
E. Arachidonic
· The phospholipid cardiolipin is found almost exclusively in:
A. Mitochondrial membrane
B. Plasma membrane
C. Lysosomal membrane
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticular membrane
E. Rough endoplasmic reticular membrane
· An example of a saturated fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Oleic acid
(C) Linoleic acid (D) Erucic acid
· If the fatty acid is esterified with an alcohol of high molecular weight instead of glycerol, the resulting compound is
(A) Lipositol (B) Plasmalogen
(C) Wax (D) Cephalin
· A fatty acid which is not synthesized in the body and has to be supplied in the diet is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Lauric acid
(C) Linolenic acid (D) Palmitoleic acid
· Essential fatty acid:
(A) Linoleic acid (B) Linolenic acid
(C) Arachidonic acid (D) All these
· The number of double bonds in arachidonic acid is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
· In humans, a dietary essential fatty acid is
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Stearic acid
(C) Oleic acid (D) Linoleic acid
· Phospholipid acting as surfactant is
(A) Cephalin (B) Phosphatidyl inositol
(C) Lecithin (D) Phosphatidyl serine
· Dietary fats after absorption appear in the circulation as
(A) HDL (B) VLDL
(C) LDL (D) Chylomicron
· Free fatty acids are transported in the blood
(A) Combined with albumin
(B) Combined with fatty acid binding protein
(C) Combined with β -lipoprotein
(D) In unbound free salts
· Liquid form of triglycerides at ordinary room temperature are called
a) Oils
b)Solid
c) Fats
d) None of these
· The fats and oils are respectively rich in
a) Unsaturated fatty acids
b) Saturated fatty acids
c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
d) None of these
· Which is a phospholipid
a) Lecithin
b) Cholesterol
c) Sterol
d) Steroid
· The number of double bonds in Arachidonic acid
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
· Essential fatty acids are
a) Linoleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Linolenic acid
d) All of these
· The following is not a phospholipid
a) Sphingomyelin
b) Lecithin
c) Cephalin
d) Cerebroside
· Examples of monounsaturated fatty acids are:
a) Oleic acid
b) Arachidonic acid
c) Palmitic acid
d) Linolenic acid
· High content of Triglycerides are seen in
a) LDL
b) HDL
c) VLDL
d) Chylomicrons
· What type of organic molecule is a fat?
a. carbohydrate
b. lipid
c. starch
d. protein
· Fats and oils are composed of what two groups of molecules?
a. starch and sugar
b. glucose and fructose
c. fatty acids and glycerol
d. water and cellulose
· What best describes phospholipid molecules?
a. their chemical formula is (CH2O)n
b. they form cell membranes
c. they are proteins
d. they are ionic
IIn the following questions indicate with clear (T) the true statements, and with clear (F) the false statements:
Fatty acids:
38.In human, are not required at all in diet. 39.AII must be supplied by the diet.
40.Their last -CH3 is the w carbon.
Cholesterol:
46. is a simple lipid.
48. in liver it may be converted into bile acids 49. is the precursor of vitamin D2.
50.Enters in the structure of every body cell
Lecithin:
56. is a glycolipid
59.Dipalmityl lecithin acts as a surfactant in the lung
60.Acts as an activator factor in coagulation mechanism
Essential fatty acids:
61.Are those that can be formed by the body
62.Are polyunsaturated fatty acids
63.Are important for normal growth
65.Include arachidonic acid (20 carbons) which is a precursor of eicosanoids
For lipids:
66. Cholesterol is a plant sterol having double bonds.
68. Lenoleic acid is an essential fatty acid with 4 double bonds.
69. Dipalmitoyl lecithin acts as a lung surfactant which prevents
respiratory distress syndrome.
70. Phospholipids act as structural component of cell membranes. 71. Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid.